The function of an elbow is to change the direction or flow in a piping system. By default, there are 5 opportunities, 45°, 90° and 180° elbows, all three in the long radius version, and 90° and 180° elbows in the short radius version.
Standard: ASTM B16.9/16.5/16.47A/16.47B B2220 – 2001, SH3408, SH3409,GBT12459, GB/T13401

Production process: Cold extrusion & Hot extrusion forming.

Type: 45º, 90º, 180º (R=1D, 1.5D, 3D, 5D,6D,8D...),

Dimension: 1/8" to 48"

Material: Carbon steel, Alloy Steel, Stainless steel.

Long Radius and Short Radius

The elbows are divided into two groups which define the distance at which they change direction; the centerline at one end to the other side. This is called the center to face distance and corresponds to the radius of the elbow bend.

The center-to-face distance for long radius elbows, abbreviated LR is always 1.1/2 x Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) (1.1/2D), while the center-to-face distance for short radius elbows, abbreviated SR even is the nominal pipe size.

45° Elbow

A 45° elbow has the same function as a 90° elbow, but the dimensional measurements are different from those of a 90° elbow.

The radius of a 45° elbow is the same as that of a 90° LR (1.1/2D). However, the center-to-face dimension is not equal to the radius in the 90° LR elbow. This is measured from the intersection of each face to the center line perpendicular to each other at a distance of B on the image. this is due to the smaller curvature. Short radius 45° elbows are not available.